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Accounting Income: The accounting net profit or loss for the relevant Tax Period as per the Financial Statements prepared in accordance with the provisions of Article 20 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Accounting Standards: The accounting standards specified in Ministerial Decision No. 114 of 2023.
Accrual Basis of Accounting: An accounting method under which the Taxable Person recognises income when earned and expenditure when incurred.
AED: The United Arab Emirates dirham.
Authority: Federal Tax Authority.
Bank: A Person licensed in the UAE as a bank or finance institution or an equivalent licensed activity that allows the taking of deposits and the granting of credits as defined in the applicable legislation of the UAE.
Beneficial Recipient: For the purposes of Article 3 of Cabinet Decision No. 100 of 2023 in relation to determining if income is derived from transactions with a Free Zone Person, it shall mean a Person who has the right to use and enjoy the service or a Good and does not have a contractual or legal obligation to supply such service or Good to another person.
Business: Any activity conducted regularly, on an ongoing and independent basis by any Person and in any location, such as industrial, commercial, agricultural, vocational, professional, service or excavation activities or any other activity related to the use of tangible or intangible properties.
Business Activity: Any transaction or activity, or series of transactions or series of activities conducted by a Person in the course of its Business.
Business Day: Any day of the week, except weekends and official holidays of the Federal Government.
Business Restructuring Relief: A relief from Corporate Tax for Business restructuring transactions, available under Article 27 of the Corporate Tax Law and as specified under Ministerial Decision No. 133 of 2023.
Cash Basis of Accounting: An accounting method under which the Taxable Person recognises income and expenditure when cash payments are received and paid.
Commercial Property: Immovable Property or part thereof used exclusively for a Business or Business Activity and not used as a place of residence or accommodation including hotels, motels, bed and breakfast establishments, serviced apartments and the like.
Connected Person: Any Person affiliated with a Taxable Person as determined in Article 36(2) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Constituent Company: Means under Article 1 of the Cabinet Resolution No. 44 of 2020 any of the following:
Corporate Tax: The tax imposed by the Corporate Tax Law on juridical persons and Business income.
Corporate Tax Law: Federal Decree-Law No. 47 of 2022 on the Taxation of Corporations and Businesses, and its amendments.
Corporate Tax Payable: Corporate Tax that has or will become due for payment to the FTA in respect of one or more Tax Periods.
Designated Zone: A designated zone according to what is stated in Federal Decree- Law No. 8 of 2017 on Value Added Tax, and which has been included as a Free Zone in accordance with the Corporate Tax Law.
Dividend: Any payments or distributions that are declared or paid on or in respect of shares or other rights participating in the profits of the issuer of such shares or rights which do not constitute a return on capital or a return on debt claims, whether such payments or distributions are in cash, securities, or other properties, and whether payable out of profits or retained earnings or from any account or legal reserve or from capital reserve or revenue. This will include any payment or benefit which in substance or effect constitutes a distribution of profits made in connection with the acquisition or redemption or cancellation of shares or termination of other ownership interests or
rights or any transaction or arrangement with a Related Party or Connected Person which does not comply with Article 34 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Domestic Permanent Establishment: A place of Business or other form of presence of a Qualifying Free Zone Person outside the Free Zone in the UAE.
Double Taxation Agreement: An international agreement signed by two or more countries for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion on income and capital.
Equity Method of Accounting: The equity method of accounting as defined in the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), or an equivalent method of accounting under the Accounting Standards applied by the Taxable Person.
Excluded Activities: Any activities determined in accordance with Article 2 of Ministerial Decision No. 265 of 2023 and conducted by a Qualifying Free Zone Person from which non-Qualifying Income is derived.
Exempt Income: Any income exempt from Corporate Tax under the Corporate Tax Law.
Exempt Person: A Person exempt from Corporate Tax under Article 4 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Extractive Business: The Business or Business Activity of exploring, extracting, removing, or otherwise producing and exploiting the Natural Resources of the UAE, or any interest therein as determined by the Minister.
Federal Government: The government of the UAE.
Financial Asset: Financial asset as defined in the Accounting Standards applied by the Taxable Person.
Financial Liability: Financial liability as defined in the Accounting Standards applied by the Taxable Person.
Financial Statements: A complete set of statements as specified under the Accounting Standards applied by the Taxable Person, which includes, but is not limited to, statement of income, statement of other comprehensive income, balance sheet, statement of changes in equity and cash flow statement.
Financial Year: The Gregorian calendar year, or the twelve-month period for which the Taxable Person prepares Financial Statements.
Foreign Permanent Establishment: A place of Business or other form of presence outside the UAE of a Resident Person that is determined in accordance with the criteria prescribed in Article 14 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Foreign Tax Credit: Tax paid under the laws of a foreign jurisdiction on income or profits that may be deducted from the Corporate Tax due, in accordance with the conditions of Article 47(2) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Free Zone: A designated and defined geographic area within the UAE that is specified in a decision issued by the Cabinet at the suggestion of the Minister.
Free Zone Person: A juridical person incorporated, established or otherwise registered in a Free Zone, including a branch of a Non-Resident Person registered in a Free Zone.
FTA: Federal Tax Authority, being the Authority responsible for the administration, collection and enforcement of federal taxes in the UAE.
General Interest Deduction Limitation Rule: The limitation provided under Article 30 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Government Controlled Entity: Any juridical person, directly or indirectly wholly owned and controlled by a Government Entity, as specified in a decision issued by the Cabinet at the suggestion of the Minister.
Government Entity: The Federal Government, Local Governments, ministries, government departments, government agencies, authorities and public institutions of the Federal Government or Local Governments.
IFRS: International Financial Reporting Standards.
IFRS for SMEs: International Financial Reporting Standard for small and medium- sized entities.
Immovable Property: Means any of the following:
Insurance Provider: A Person licensed in the UAE as an insurance provider that accepts risks by entering into or carrying out contracts of insurance, in both the life and non-life sectors, including contracts of reinsurance and captive insurance, as defined in the applicable legislation of the UAE.
Intangible Asset: An intangible asset as defined in the Accounting Standards applied by the Taxable Person.
Interest: Any amount accrued or paid for the use of money or credit, including discounts, premiums and profit paid in respect of an Islamic Financial Instrument and other payments economically equivalent to interest, and any other amounts incurred in connection with the raising of finance, excluding payments of the principal amount.
Legal Representative: The guardian or custodian of an incapacitated person or minor, or the bankruptcy trustee appointed by the court for a company that is in bankruptcy, or any other Person legally appointed to represent another Person.
Licence: A document issued by a Licensing Authority under which a Business or Business Activity is conducted in the UAE.
Licensing Authority: The competent authority concerned with licensing or authorising a Business or Business Activity in the UAE.
Local Government: Any of the governments of the Member Emirates of the Federation.
Market Value: The price which could be agreed in an arm’s-length free market transaction between Persons who are not Related Parties or Connected Persons in similar circumstances.
Membership or Partnership Capital: The capital paid to a juridical person where the paid capital is divided into membership or partnership interests by a Person in order to be a member or partner and have the rights of membership or partnership in that juridical person.
Minister: Minister of Finance.
Ministry: Ministry of Finance.
Multinational Enterprises (MNE) Group: Any Group that meets the criteria prescribed in Article 1 of Cabinet Resolution No. 44 of 2020:
country and being subject to tax with respect to the activity it carries out through a permanent entity located in another country; and
Net Interest Expenditure: The Interest expenditure amount that is in excess of the Interest income amount as determined in accordance with the provisions of the Corporate Tax Law.
Non-Extractive Natural Resource Business: The Business or Business Activity of separating, treating, refining, processing, storing, transporting, marketing or distributing the Natural Resources of the UAE.
Non-Free Zone Person: Any Person who is not a Free Zone Person.
Non-Resident Person: The Taxable Person specified in Article 11(4) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Overall Expenditures: For the purposes of Article 4(1) of Ministerial Decision No. 265 of 2023, means total expenditures incurred to fund research and development activities, conducted either by the Qualifying Free Zone Person or outsourced to any Person, directly connected with the creation, invention or significant development of the Qualifying Intellectual Property, including acquisition costs of the Qualifying Intellectual Property.
Overall Income: For the purposes of Article 4(1) of Ministerial Decision No. 265 of 2023, means royalties or any other income derived from Qualifying Intellectual Property as determined according to the provisions of the Corporate Tax Law, including embedded intellectual property income derived from the sale of products and the use of processes directly related to the Qualifying Intellectual Property as determined in accordance with the arm’s length principle under Article 34 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Parent Company: A Resident Person that can make an application to the FTA to form a Tax Group with one or more Subsidiaries in accordance with Article 40(1) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Participating Interest: An ownership interest in the shares or capital of a juridical person that meets the conditions referred to in Article 23 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Participation: The juridical person in which the Participating Interest is held.
Participation Exemption: An exemption from Corporate Tax for income from a Participating Interest, available under Article 23 of the Corporate Tax Law and as specified under Ministerial Decision No. 116 of 2023.
Permanent Establishment: A place of Business or other form of presence in the UAE of a Non-Resident Person in accordance with Article 14 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Person: Any natural person or juridical person.
Personal Investment: Investment activity that a natural person conducts for their personal account that is neither conducted through a Licence or requiring a Licence from a Licensing Authority in the UAE, nor considered as a commercial business in accordance with the Federal Decree-Law No. 50 of 2022 on Issuing the Commercial Transactions Law.
Qualifying Activities: Any activities determined in accordance with Article 2 of Ministerial Decision No. 265 of 2023 and conducted by a Qualifying Free Zone Person from which Qualifying Income is derived.
Qualifying Expenditures: For the purposes of Article 4(1) of Ministerial Decision No.
265 of 2023, means expenditures incurred to fund research and development activities, conducted either by the Qualifying Free Zone Person or outsourced to any Person in the UAE or any Person outside the UAE that is not a Related Party, directly connected with the creation, invention or significant development of the Qualifying Intellectual Property.
Qualifying Financial Asset: Financial Asset that meets the conditions under Article 4(1) of Ministerial Decision No. 120 of 2023.
Qualifying Financial Liability: Financial Liability that meets the conditions under Article 4(1) of Ministerial Decision No. 120 of 2023.
Qualifying Free Zone Person: A Free Zone Person that meets the conditions of Article 18 of the Corporate Tax Law and is subject to Corporate Tax under Article 3(2) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Qualifying Group: Two or more Taxable Persons that meet the conditions of Article 26(2) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Qualifying Immovable Property: Immovable Property that meets the conditions under Article 2(1) of Ministerial Decision No. 120 of 2023.
Qualifying Income: Any income derived by a Qualifying Free Zone Person that is subject to Corporate Tax at the rate specified in Article 3(2)(a) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Qualifying Infrastructure Project: A project that meets the conditions of Article 14 of Ministerial Decision No. 126 of 2023.
Qualifying Intangible Asset: Intangible Asset that meets the conditions under Article 3(1) of Ministerial Decision No. 120 of 2023.
Qualifying Intellectual Property: Patents, Copyrighted Software and any right functionally equivalent to a Patent that is both legally protected and subject to a similar approval and registration process to a Patent, such as utility models, intellectual property assets that grant protection to plants and genetic material, orphan drug designations, and extensions of Patent protection, but not including any marketing related intellectual property assets, such as trademarks.
Qualifying Investment Fund: Any entity whose principal activity is the issuing of investment interests to raise funds or pool investor funds or establish a joint investment fund with the aim of enabling the holder of such an investment interest to benefit from the profits or gains from the entity’s acquisition, holding, management or disposal of investments, in accordance with the applicable legislation and when it meets the conditions set out in Article 10 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Qualifying Public Benefit Entity: Any entity that meets the conditions set out in Article 9 of the Corporate Tax Law and that is listed in a decision issued by the Cabinet at the suggestion of the Minister.
Real Estate Investment: Any investment activity conducted by a natural person related to, directly or indirectly, the sale, leasing, sub-leasing, and renting of land or real estate property in the UAE that is not conducted, or does not require to be conducted through a Licence from a Licensing Authority.
Recognised Stock Exchange: Any stock exchange established in the UAE that is licensed and regulated by the relevant competent authority, or any stock exchange established outside the UAE of equal standing.
Related Party: Any Person associated with a Taxable Person as determined in Article 35(1) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Resident Person: The Taxable Person specified in Article 11(3) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Revenue: The gross amount of income derived during a Tax Period.
Small Business Relief: A Corporate Tax relief that allows eligible Taxable Persons to be treated as having no Taxable Income for the relevant Tax Period in accordance with Article 21 of the Corporate Tax Law and Ministerial Decision No. 73 of 2023.
Specific Interest Deduction Limitation Rule: The limitation provided under Article 31 of the Corporate Tax Law.
State: United Arab Emirates.
State Sourced Income: Income accruing in, or derived from, the UAE as specified in Article 13 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Subsidiary: A Resident Person in which the share capital or Membership or Partnership Capital, as applicable, is held by a Parent Company, in accordance with Article 40(1) of the Corporate Tax Law.
Tax Agent: Any Person registered with the FTA who is appointed on behalf of another Person to represent him before the FTA and assist him in the fulfilment of his tax obligations and the exercise of his associated tax rights.
Tax Group: Two or more Taxable Persons treated as a single Taxable Person according to the conditions of Article 40 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Tax Loss: Any negative Taxable Income as calculated under the Corporate Tax Law for a given Tax Period.
Tax Period: The period for which a Tax Return is required to be filed.
Tax Registration: A procedure under which a Person registers for Corporate Tax purposes with the FTA.
Tax Registration Number (TRN): A unique number issued by the FTA to each Person who is registered for Corporate Tax purposes in the UAE.
Tax Resident: The Person who is resident of the UAE as specified in Articles 3 and 4 of Cabinet Decision No. 85 of 2022.
Tax Return: Information filed with the FTA for Corporate Tax purposes in the form and manner as prescribed by the FTA, including any schedule or attachment thereto, and any amendment thereof.
Taxable Income: The income that is subject to Corporate Tax under the Corporate Tax Law.
Taxable Person: A Person subject to Corporate Tax in the UAE under the Corporate Tax Law.
Transferee: A Taxable Person to which one or more assets or liabilities of the Transferor is transferred under Article 26 of the Corporate Tax Law or a Taxable Person to which the entire Business or an independent part of the Business of the Transferor is transferred under Article 27 of the Corporate Tax Law, as the context requires.
Transferor: A Taxable Person that transfers one or more assets or liabilities to another Taxable Person under Article 26 of the Corporate Tax Law or a Taxable Person that transfers its entire Business or an independent part of its Business to another Taxable Person under Article 27 of the Corporate Tax Law, as the context requires.
Turnover: The gross amount of income derived during a Gregorian calendar year.
UAE: United Arab Emirates.
Unincorporated Partnership: A relationship established by contract between two Persons or more, such as a partnership or trust or any other similar association of Persons, in accordance with the applicable legislation of the UAE.
Uplift Expenditures: For the purposes of Article 4(1) of Ministerial Decision No. 265 of 2023, means the Qualifying Expenditures increased by 30%, but only to the extent that Qualifying Expenditures, after being up-lifted is less than or equal to Overall Expenditures.
Voluntary Disclosure: A form prepared by the FTA pursuant to which a Taxpayer notifies the FTA of an error or omission in the Tax Return, Tax Assessment or Tax refund application, in accordance with the provisions of Article 10 of Federal Decree- Law No. 28 of 2022.
Wage: The wage that is given to the employee in consideration of their services under the employment contract, whether in cash or in kind, payable annually, monthly, weekly, daily, hourly, or by piece-meal, and includes all allowances, and bonuses in addition to any other benefits provided for, in the employment contract or in accordance with the applicable legislation in the UAE.
Withholding Tax: Corporate Tax to be withheld from State Sourced Income in accordance with Article 45 of the Corporate Tax Law.
Withholding Tax Credit: The Corporate Tax amount that can be deducted from the Corporate Tax due in accordance with the conditions of Article 46(2) of the Corporate Tax Law.
A Taxable Person is required to submit a Tax Return and pay any Corporate Tax due to the FTA within 9 months of the end of its Tax Period.1 This is a self-assessment process.
The form and manner are prescribed by the FTA, which can also include schedules and/or attachments. A Tax Return must be completed and filed online through EmaraTax.
Timely preparation and filing of an accurate Tax Return ensure that the relevant Taxable Person meets their obligations, pays the correct amount of Corporate Tax and avoids penalties.
A Tax Return must be submitted by a Taxable Person, or another Person who has the right to do so on behalf of the Taxable Person. This includes a Tax Agent or a Legal Representative. In the case of an Unincorporated Partnership treated as a separate Taxable Person, the appointed responsible partner is required to file the Tax Return on behalf of the Unincorporated Partnership.2 Where the Taxable Person is a Tax Group, the Parent Company of the Tax Group is required to file the Tax Return on behalf of the Tax Group.3
A Tax Return comprises of several parts. It allows a Taxable Person to report their Taxable Income including any relevant adjustments, such as exemptions and reliefs claimed. The parts of the Tax Return include:
If the Taxable Person believes a field is relevant to them but it does not appear in their Tax Return, the Taxable Person needs to ensure that the information which they have provided during the Tax Registration process was correct. In addition, the Taxable Person will also need to ensure that the responses in the fields in the Tax Return are correct.
If a Person who has registered for Corporate Tax purposes falls out of scope of Corporate Tax by virtue of a Double Taxation Agreement, this will be established at the Taxable Person details section of the guide (see Section 4). The Person will consequently not be required to complete a full Tax Return.
The Tax Period for a Taxable Person other than a natural person is the Financial Year or part thereof for which a Tax Return is required to be filed.19 The Financial Year shall be the Gregorian calendar year or the 12-month period for which they prepare their Financial Statements. 20 Circumstances may arise where a Taxable Person’s Tax Period is longer or shorter than 12 months. A Taxable Person can make an application to the FTA to change their Tax Period, subject to meeting certain conditions.21
In the Tax Return, the Tax Period will be pre-populated based on the details available in the Taxable Person’s EmaraTax account. The Taxable Person should check that the pre-populated details are correct before proceeding further.
The Tax Return uses schedules to assist with relevant calculations and populating figures in the Tax Return where applicable.
The Taxable Person may be redirected to a schedule as they complete the Tax Return. Once a schedule is completed, the Taxable Person will be redirected back to their Tax Return that will contain the figures from the completed schedule. The Taxable Person can access the schedules again to make any necessary changes before submitting the Tax Return.
The Tax Return has the following schedules. The Taxable Person will only be directed to those which are relevant to them.
| No. | Name | Description |
| 1 | Free Zone Schedule (see Section 12.1) | Completed by a Qualifying Free Zone Person to provide information on Revenue, non-qualifying Revenue for de-minimis calculation, Qualifying Income, substance and additional information explained under Section 12. |
| 2 | Free Zone income from Intellectual Property Schedule (see Section 12.2) | Completed by a Qualifying Free Zone Person who has derived income from the ownership or exploitation of Qualifying Intellectual Property. |
.
| No. | Name | Description |
| 3 | UAE Dividends Schedule (see Section 13) | Completed by a Taxable Person who has received Dividends from juridical persons that are Resident Persons under the Corporate Tax Law. |
| 4 | Foreign Permanent Establishment Schedule (see Section 14) | Completed by a Taxable Person who has made an election to exclude the income and associated expenditure of eligible Foreign Permanent Establishments from Corporate Tax. |
| 5 | Tax Credit Schedule (see Section 15) | Completed by a Taxable Person who is claiming a Foreign Tax Credit. |
| 6 | Related Party Transaction Schedule (see Section 16) | Completed by a Taxable Person who is required to disclose transactions with Related Parties as explained in Section 16.1. |
| 7 | Connected Persons Schedule (see Section 16) | Completed by a Taxable Person who has made payments to Connected Persons as explained in Section 16.2. |
| 8 | Tax Losses Schedule (see part A of Section 17) | Completed by a Taxable Person (except a Tax Group) who: · has brought forward Tax Losses, · utilised Tax Losses during the Tax Period, · has received Tax Losses from another Taxable Person during the Tax Period, or · has transferred a Tax Loss during the Tax Period. |
| 9 | Tax Group Loss Schedule (see part B of Section 17) | Completed by the Tax Group. This schedule requires information in relation to: · pre-grouping Tax Losses of any new Subsidiaries which joined the Tax Group during the Tax Period, · pre-grouping Tax Losses which the Tax Group utilised during the Tax Period, · the utilisation and other changes in brought forward and current period Tax Losses of the Tax Group which are not pre-grouping Tax Losses, · Tax Losses received by the Tax Group from another Taxable Person outside the Tax Group, · transfers of Tax Losses by the Tax Group to another Taxable Person outside the Tax Group. |
| 10 | Participation Exemption Schedule (see Section 18) | Completed by a Taxable Person that has derived income or losses from a Participation which is exempt |
| No. | Name | Description |
under the Corporate Tax Law, other than Dividends paid by a juridical person that is a Resident Person. 22 | ||
| 11 | Interest capping Schedule (see Section 19) | Completed by a Taxable Person that has Net Interest Expenditure and is subject to the General Interest Deduction Limitation Rule. |
| 12 | Transfers within a Qualifying Group Schedule (see part A of Section 20) | Completed by a Taxable Person that has elected, or is a party to transfers within a Qualifying Group to which this relief applies. Also completed by a Taxable Person who has been party to a transfer benefitting from the relief in a previous Tax Period and the relief is now subject to clawback. |
| 13 | Business Restructuring Relief Schedule (see part B of Schedule 20) | Completed by a Taxable Person that has elected or was a party to a transfer in respect of which Business Restructuring Relief applies. Also completed by a Taxable Person who has been party to a transfer under Business Restructuring Relief in previous Tax Periods and the relief is now subject to clawback. |
| 14 | Transitional Rules - Qualifying Immovable Property Schedule (see part A of Section 21) | Completed by a Taxable Person that has elected to exclude an element of a gain recognised on Qualifying Immovable Property owned prior to the Taxable Person's first Tax Period. |
| 15 | Transitional Rules - Qualifying Intangible Assets Schedule (see part B of Section 21) | Completed by a Taxable Person that has elected to exclude an element of a gain recognised on Qualifying Intangible Assets owned prior to the Taxable Person's first Tax Period. |
| 16 | Transitional Rules - Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Schedule (see part C Section 21) | Completed by a Taxable Person that has elected to exclude an element of a gain or loss recognised on Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities owned prior to the Taxable Person's first Tax Period. |
| 17 | Income/losses which will not subsequently be reported in the income statement | Completed by a Taxable Person that has recognised gains and losses in its Financial Statements which will not be recognised in the income statement. |
| No. | Name | Description |
Schedule (see Section 22.1) | ||
| 18 | Unrealised gains/losses Schedule (see Section 22.2) | Completed by a Taxable Person that has made the election to be subject to tax on the realisation basis and has unrealised gains and/or losses in the Tax Period. |
| 19 | Adjustments for unrealised gains/losses from previous Tax Periods which have been realised in the current Tax Period Schedule (see Section 22.3) | Completed by a Taxable Person that, due to the application of the realisation basis, previously deferred an unrealised gain or loss which has subsequently been realised in the current Tax Period. |
| 20 | Attachments Schedule (see Section 22.4) | Includes a list of all documents that may be required to be submitted with the Tax Return, as applicable. If any documents are not provided, a reason should be given. |
This part is applicable to all Taxable Persons
| Taxable Income / Tax Loss |
The Taxable Income (positive or negative) for a Tax Period is the Accounting Income for that period after making adjustments as required under the Corporate Tax Law, to the extent applicable.124
This is calculated automatically based on inputs you provided in Section 7 to 9.
This part is applicable to natural persons and juridical persons who are either Resident Persons or Non-Resident Persons, Unincorporated Partnerships treated as a Taxable Person, and Qualifying Free Zone Persons.
If you are a Tax Group, please see Section 10.3 for Tax Group Tax Losses.
Where a Taxable Person’s deductible expenditure exceeds its income that is subject to Corporate Tax, it will have negative Taxable Income. This is known as a Tax Loss. Some of the key features of Tax Loss relief under the Corporate Tax Law includes:
